This review discusses the association between the following lifestyle modifications and blood pressure:
• Weight loss
• Physical activity
• Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet
• Dietary minerals and nutrients
• Vitamin D (25(OH)D)
• Flavonoids
• Caffeine and nicotine
• Biofeedback therapies
• Alcohol
• Comparing and combining modalities
The authors comment that “lifestyle changes safely and effectively delay or prevent hypertension in non-hypertensives, delay or prevent medical therapy in Stage I hypertensives, and contribute to blood pressure reduction in hypertensives already on medical therapy”.