Heart has featured a review discussing the aetiology, consequences and treatment of anaemic patients with heart failure and renal dysfunction.
The following is considered:
• How common is the combination of anaemia and heart failure?
• What causes anaemia in heart failure patients?
• How to treat anaemia in chronic HF and renal dysfunction
• Are there potential side effects of erythropoietin (EPO) treatment?
• Non-erythropoietic effects of EPO