The Lancet Neurology has featured a review on the pathology, preoperative diagnosis, and standard treatment of uterine leiomyosarcoma and low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS - distinct from undifferentiated uterine sarcomas), with an emphasis on targeted treatment.

The review states that for both ESS and uterine leiomyosarcoma, hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, but without lymphadenectomy, is the standard surgical treatment for early stage disease. The clinical benefit of chemotherapy is limited, which therefore underscores the importance of targeted therapy.